Short Answer Type Quest

 Q. 1. What was the major change that occurred in the political and constitutional scenario due to French Revolution in Europe?

Ans. The French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens.

A Q. 2. What was the main aim of the French revolutionaries?

Ans. The main aim of French revolutionaries was to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. 

A Q. 3. What was the main aim of revolutionaries of Europe during the years following 1815?

Ans. To oppose monarchial forms of government. It emphasized the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.

 Q. 4. What was the meaning of liberalism in the early nineteenth century in Europe?

 

Ans. Liberalism stood for freedom for individuals and equality for all before the law. 

5. What was the main aim of the Treaty of Vienna in 1815?

Ans. The Congress of Vienna was convened in 1815 by the four European powers which had defeated Napoleon. The first goal was to establish a new balance of power in Europe which would prevent imperialism within Europe, such as the Napoleonic empire, and maintain the peace between the great powers

A Q. 1. Describe any three steps taken by French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?

Ans. The steps taken to create a sense of collective identity amongst French people by the French revolutionaries included:

(i) Ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasising the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.

(ii) A new French flag, a tricolour was chosen.

(iii) New hymns, oaths and martyrs commemorated in the name of the nation.

(iv) Uniform system of weights, measures was adopted and abolition of internal customs.

(v) Promoting nation.  

Q. 2. Describe the event of the French Revolution which had influenced the people belonging to other parts of Europe.

French as a common language of the

(Board Term-II, Delhi Set-I, II, III, 2015) Ans. The events of French Revolution which had influenced the people belonging to other parts of Europe :

(i) Students and other members of educated middle class began to set-up Jacobin clubs.

(ii) Their activities and campaigns prepared the way for the French armies.

(iii) The French armies began to carry the idea of nationalism abroad.

(iv) Thus, created a sense of collective identity. 

A Q. 3. List any three features of the Civil Code of 1804 usually known as the Napoleonic Code.

Ans. Napoleon Bonaparte incorporated revolutionary principles in the administrative field in order to make the whole system more rational and efficient.

(i) It did away with all privileges based on birth.

 (ii) It established equality before the law and secured the right to property.

(iii) It simplified administrative divisions and abolished feudal system.

 Q.4. How did the local people in the areas conquered by Napoleon react to French rule? Explain.

Ans. (i) Peasants, artisans, workers, and businessmen enjoyed this newly found freedom.

(ii) They realised that uniform lawsandstandardised weights and measures and a common national currency would be more helpful in trade as it would facilitate the movement and exchange of goods and capital from one region to another.

(iii) Increase in taxes, censorship, and forced conscription in French armies was seen as outweighing the advantage of administrative changes which Napoleon brought.

Q. 5. Why was the Napoleonic rule over other regions unpopular with some sections of Europe? 

Ans. Reasons of unpopular Napoleonic rule over other regions were:

(i) Administrative reforms did not go hand-in-hand with political freedom. The newly annexed regions found themselves under French rule.

(ii) The newly acquired territories had to face increased taxation and censorship.

(iii) The forced conscription into the French army to conquer other parts of Europe was not popular with the newly conquered people. 1 x 3 = 3 (CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012)

U Q. 6. How was the ideology of liberalism allied with National Unity in the early 19th century in Europe? Explain in three points.

(Board Term-II, (Set-68006) 2012)

Ans. The ideology of liberalism allied with Nationalism in the following ways:

(i) Liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law.

(ii) It emphasized on the concept of government by consent.

(iii) It stood for the end of autocracy and derical privileges. (iv) It believed in a constitution and representative government through Parliament.

(v) It emphasized the inviolability of private property. (Any three) 1 x 3 = 3 (CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012)

A Q. 7. “A wave of economic nationalism strengthened the wider nationalist sentiments growing in Europe." Which class brought about this change? How did they bring about this change? Explain with two reasons.

Ans.   The change was brought about by the new middle class.

1. They brought about the change in two ways;

a.  Formation of Zollverein.

b. Tariff barriers were abolished.

2. Reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two.

3. Creation of railways helped them in mobility and harnessing economic interests.